Urinary Renal System

Description

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

• FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
• RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • STEP 1 – GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
  • STEP 2 – TUBULAR REABSORPTION
  • STEP 3 – TUBULAR SECRETION
• MICTURITION REFLEX (URINATION)
• ROLE OF THE KIDNEYS IN FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
• FLUID BALANCE
• ELECTROLYTE BALANCE

Pathology Notes:

• GENERAL OVERVIEW OF RENAL PATHOLOGY
• CONGENITAL KIDNEY ABNORMALITIES
  • CYSTIC DISEASES OF THE KIDNEY (Eg. POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE)
• URINARY INCONTINENCE
• ACUTE RENAL FAILURES
• PRE-RENAL FAILURES
  • RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS
  • RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS
• INTRA-RENAL FAILURES
  • GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
• NEPHROTIC SYNDROMES
  • MCD – MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE (“FOOT PROCESS DISEASE”/“NIL DISEASE”)
  • MGN – MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
  • FSGS – FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS
  • NEPHROSCLEROSIS
  • DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
  • SLE – LUPUS NEPHRITIS
• NEPHRITIC SYNDROMES
  • PSGN – POST-STREP GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
  • IGA NEPHROPATHY (“BERGER’S DISEASE”)
  • HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME (HUS)
  • RPGN – RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
• TUBULO-INTERSTITIAL DISEASES
  • ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
  • TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
• POST-RENAL FAILURES
  • NEPHROLITHIASIS & UROLITHIASIS
• RENAL SYSTEM CANCERS
  • (Adults) RENAL CELL CARCINOMA: “Clear-Cell Carcinoma”
  • WILM’S TUMOUR / “NEPHROBLASTOMA”
  • TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMAS
• URINARY & KIDNEY INFECTIONS
  • PYELONEPHRITIS:
  • URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS / (“CYSTITIS”)
  • RENAL AND PERINEPHRIC ABSCESS
• ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES
• FLUID IMBALANCES
• DIURETICS
• DRUGS ALTERING THE pH URINE
• POPULATION HEALTH & RENAL DISEASE
• MISCELLANEOUS POINTS
• UROGENIC PAIN
• CATHETERIZATION
• URINE ANALYSIS
• MCQS – URINARY TRACT DISEASE